Find final velocity and displacement from initial velocity, constant acceleration, and time.
You enter: Initial velocity · Constant acceleration · Time
Example: Final velocity: 10 m/s; displacement: 25 m.
Open Uniform Acceleration Motion →
Calculate force from mass and acceleration, the core relation of classical dynamics.
You enter: Mass · Acceleration
Example: 10 N
Open Newton's Second Law Force →
Drop time and impact velocity for a height with no air resistance.
You enter: Drop height
Example: Fall time 2.02 s; impact speed 19.80 m/s.
Open Free-Fall Time and Impact Speed →
Momentum from mass and velocity, with kinetic energy for context.
You enter: Mass · Velocity
Example: 50 kg*m/s
Open Linear Momentum →
Relate wave speed, frequency, wavelength, and period.
You enter: Frequency · Wavelength
Example: Speed 330 m/s; period 0.002273 s.
Open Wave Speed, Frequency, and Period →
Calculate ideal-gas pressure from amount, temperature, and volume using consistent SI-compatible inputs.
You enter: Amount of gas · Absolute temperature · Volume
Example: Pressure ≈ 101.325 kPa; ≈ 101,325 Pa; ≈ 1 atm.
Open Ideal Gas Pressure Calculator →
Find wavelength, frequency, period, and angular frequency for a periodic wave.
You enter: Wave speed · Frequency
Example: Wavelength = 2.9979 m; period = 10 ns; angular frequency ≈ 628,318,531.1 rad/s.
Open Wavelength and Frequency Calculator →
Calculate acceleration, average velocity, and displacement when initial and final velocity are known.
You enter: Initial velocity · Final velocity · Elapsed time
Example: Acceleration = 5 m/s²; average velocity = 15 m/s; displacement = 60 m.
Open Uniform Acceleration Calculator →
Estimate flight time, horizontal range, and maximum height for ideal level-ground projectile motion.
You enter: Initial speed · Launch angle · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Flight time ≈ 2.884 s; range ≈ 40.775 m; maximum height ≈ 10.197 m.
Open Projectile Motion Calculator →
Find a gas’s unknown pressure or volume when temperature and amount stay constant.
You enter: Initial pressure · Initial volume · Final volume
Example: Final pressure = 200 pressure units.
Open Boyle’s Law Calculator →
Calculate the dimensionless Reynolds number for a flow from density, speed, length, and dynamic viscosity.
You enter: Fluid density · Characteristic speed · Characteristic length · Dynamic viscosity
Example: Reynolds number = 100,000.
Open Reynolds Number Calculator →
Estimate pressure at altitude with an isothermal ideal-gas atmosphere model.
You enter: Reference pressure · Altitude · Absolute temperature
Example: Pressure ≈ 89,997 Pa.
Open Air Pressure at Altitude Calculator →
Calculate acceleration from a net force and an object’s mass using Newton’s second law.
You enter: Net force · Mass
Example: Acceleration = 5 m/s².
Open Acceleration from Force and Mass Calculator →
Estimate the limiting angle of repose from a static friction coefficient.
You enter: Static friction coefficient
Example: Angle of repose ≈ 26.565°.
Open Angle of Repose Calculator →
Calculate angular displacement and revolutions from constant angular velocity and elapsed time.
You enter: Angular velocity · Elapsed time
Example: Angular displacement = 12 rad; revolutions ≈ 1.910.
Open Angular Displacement Calculator →
Calculate a material’s bulk modulus from pressure change and fractional volume change.
You enter: Pressure change · Magnitude of volume change · Original volume
Example: Bulk modulus = 1,000,000,000 Pa.
Open Bulk Modulus Calculator →
Calculate characteristic acoustic impedance from medium density and sound speed.
You enter: Medium density · Sound speed
Example: Acoustic impedance = 1,500,000 Rayl.
Open Acoustic Impedance Calculator →
Find downstream pressure from two flow states with a steady incompressible Bernoulli model.
You enter: State 1 pressure · State 1 speed · State 1 height · State 2 speed · State 2 height · Fluid density · Gravity
Example: State 2 pressure = 51,325 Pa.
Open Bernoulli Equation Calculator →
Estimate average stopping force from vehicle mass, speed, and stopping distance in a simplified energy model.
You enter: Vehicle mass · Initial speed · Stopping distance
Example: Average force ≈ 180,845 N.
Open Average Impact Force Calculator →
Calculate the acceleration magnitude of a charged particle in a uniform electric field from charge and mass.
You enter: Particle charge · Electric-field strength · Particle mass
Example: Acceleration ≈ 1.759 × 10¹⁴ m/s².
Open Electric-Field Particle Acceleration Calculator →
Estimate the bank angle for a level coordinated turn from speed, turn radius, and gravitational acceleration.
You enter: Speed · Turn radius · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Bank angle ≈ 63.880°.
Open Coordinated-Turn Bank Angle Calculator →
Calculate an idealized projectile speed from mass and kinetic energy.
You enter: Projectile mass · Kinetic energy
Example: Speed ≈ 44.721 m/s.
Open Arrow Speed from Kinetic Energy Calculator →
Calculate a simplified Brinell hardness number from force, indenter diameter, and indentation diameter.
You enter: Test force · Indenter diameter · Indentation diameter
Example: Brinell hardness ≈ 945.3 N/mm².
Open Brinell Hardness Number Calculator →
Calculate elastic shaft twist from torque, shaft length, shear modulus, and polar second moment of area.
You enter: Applied torque · Shaft length · Shear modulus · Polar second moment
Example: Twist = 0.125 rad ≈ 7.162°.
Open Shaft Angle of Twist Calculator →
Calculate average acceleration and displacement under constant acceleration from initial velocity, final velocity, and elapsed time.
You enter: Initial velocity · Final velocity · Elapsed time
Example: Acceleration = 4 m/s²; displacement = 50 m.
Open Average Acceleration Calculator →
Estimate ideal flow over a broad-crested weir from crest width, head, discharge coefficient, and gravity.
You enter: Discharge coefficient · Crest width · Water head above crest · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Estimated flow ≈ 1.649 m³/s.
Open Broad-Crested Weir Flow Calculator →
Calculate apparent weight for a person or object in a vertical elevator acceleration scenario.
You enter: Mass · Elevator acceleration upward positive · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Apparent weight = 791.466 N.
Open Elevator Apparent Weight Calculator →
Calculate a particle’s Compton wavelength from its rest mass using Planck’s constant and the speed of light.
You enter: Particle rest mass
Example: Compton wavelength ≈ 2.426 × 10⁻¹² m.
Open Compton Wavelength Calculator →
Calculate the frame-dependent outward force magnitude associated with circular motion from mass, speed, and radius.
You enter: Mass · Tangential speed · Radius
Example: Force magnitude = 40 N.
Open Centrifugal Force Magnitude Calculator →
Calculate total one-dimensional momentum and the shared velocity after a perfectly inelastic collision.
You enter: Object 1 mass · Object 1 velocity · Object 2 mass · Object 2 velocity
Example: Momentum = 10 kg·m/s; shared velocity = 2 m/s.
Open Two-Object Momentum Conservation Calculator →
Estimate a discharge coefficient from measured flow, opening area, and hydraulic head.
You enter: Measured flow rate · Opening area · Hydraulic head
Example: Cd ≈ 0.638.
Open Flow Coefficient of Discharge Calculator →
Calculate tangential speed and centripetal acceleration from radius and period.
You enter: Radius · Period
Example: Speed = π m/s; centripetal acceleration = π²/2 m/s².
Open Uniform Circular Motion Calculator →
Calculate angular velocity and rotations per minute from completed rotations and elapsed time.
You enter: Rotations · Elapsed time
Example: Angular velocity = 40π rad/s; rate = 1,200 RPM.
Open Angular Velocity from Rotations Calculator →
Calculate buoyant force and equivalent supported mass from fluid density and displaced volume.
You enter: Fluid density · Displaced volume · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Buoyant force = 19.613 N; equivalent mass = 2 kg.
Open Archimedes Buoyant Force Calculator →
Estimate ideal Hawking temperature from a nonrotating black-hole mass.
You enter: Black-hole mass
Example: Temperature is approximately 1.23×10¹¹ K.
Open Hawking Temperature Estimate →
Calculate rotor speed in RPM from relative centrifugal force and rotor radius.
You enter: Relative centrifugal force · Rotor radius
Example: Required speed ≈ 948 RPM.
Open Relative Centrifugal Force Speed Calculator →
Calculate compressibility and bulk modulus from pressure change, initial volume, and volume change.
You enter: Pressure change · Initial volume · Volume change
Example: Compressibility = 1×10⁻⁸ Pa⁻¹; bulk modulus = 100 MPa.
Open Compressibility and Bulk Modulus Calculator →
Calculate ideal drag force from fluid density, drag coefficient, reference area, and speed.
You enter: Fluid density · Drag coefficient · Reference area · Speed
Example: Drag force = 147 N.
Open Fluid Drag Force Calculator →
Calculate ideal magnetohydrodynamic Alfvén speed from magnetic field and mass density.
You enter: Magnetic field · Mass density
Example: Alfvén speed is approximately 8.92 km/s.
Open Alfvén Velocity Calculator →
Estimate horizontal Coriolis acceleration magnitude from speed, latitude, and planetary rotation rate.
You enter: Object speed · Latitude magnitude · Planetary rotation rate
Example: Coriolis acceleration is approximately 0.00103 m/s².
Open Coriolis Acceleration Calculator →
Calculate gravitational acceleration from a spherical body’s mass and radius.
You enter: Body mass · Body radius
Example: Gravitational acceleration ≈9.81997 m/s².
Open Gravitational Acceleration from Mass and Radius Calculator →
Calculate gear ratio, output speed, and ideal torque multiplication from tooth counts and input speed.
You enter: Driver gear teeth · Driven gear teeth · Input speed · Input torque
Example: Ratio =2; output speed =600 rpm; ideal torque =20.
Open Gear Ratio and Output Speed Calculator →
Calculate gauge pressure from fluid density, gravitational acceleration, and depth.
You enter: Fluid density · Gravitational acceleration · Depth
Example: Gauge pressure =98,066.5 Pa.
Open Hydrostatic Pressure Calculator →
Calculate ideal shaft torque from mechanical power and rotational speed.
You enter: Mechanical power · Rotational speed
Example: Torque ≈3.1831 N·m.
Open Electric Motor Torque from Power and Speed Calculator →
Calculate ideal force from pressure and piston area.
You enter: Pressure · Piston area
Example: Ideal force =1,000 N.
Open Linear Actuator Force from Pressure Calculator →
Calculate a dimensionless lift coefficient from lift force, fluid density, speed, and reference area.
You enter: Lift force · Fluid density · Flow speed · Reference area
Example: Lift coefficient ≈0.06531.
Open Lift Coefficient Calculator →
Calculate ideal buoyant force and the net vertical force from fluid density, displaced volume, gravity, and object mass.
You enter: Fluid density · Displaced volume · Gravitational acceleration · Object mass
Example: Buoyant force =98.0665 N; net force =19.6133 N upward.
Open Buoyant Force and Net Force Calculator →
Calculate frictional head loss and pressure loss in a pipe from length, diameter, speed, friction factor, density, and gravity.
You enter: Darcy friction factor · Pipe length · Pipe diameter · Mean flow speed · Fluid density · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Head loss ≈4.0777 m; pressure loss ≈40,000 Pa.
Open Darcy-Weisbach Head-Loss Calculator →
Calculate charge-carrier drift speed from current, carrier density, carrier charge, and cross-sectional area.
You enter: Current · Carrier number density · Magnitude of carrier charge · Conductor cross-sectional area
Example: Drift speed ≈0.000367 m/s.
Open Charge-Carrier Drift Velocity Calculator →
Estimate non-relativistic electron speed from kinetic energy.
You enter: Kinetic energy
Example: Electron speed ≈4.686×10^6 m/s.
Open Electron Speed from Kinetic Energy Calculator →
Calculate ideal axial elongation from force, member length, cross-sectional area, and Young’s modulus.
You enter: Axial force · Original length · Cross-sectional area · Young’s modulus
Example: Elongation =0.001 m.
Open Axial Elongation Calculator →
Calculate the signed pressure difference between two supplied pressure readings and its absolute magnitude.
You enter: First pressure · Second pressure
Example: Signed difference =150,000 Pa; magnitude =150,000 Pa.
Open Differential Pressure Calculator →
Calculate volumetric flow rate from a flow cross-sectional area and mean speed.
You enter: Flow cross-sectional area · Mean flow speed
Example: Flow rate =0.02 m³/s; 20 L/s.
Open Volumetric Flow Rate from Area and Speed Calculator →
Calculate charge-carrier mobility from drift speed and applied electric field.
You enter: Drift speed · Electric field
Example: Mobility =0.00001 m²/(V·s).
Open Electrical Mobility Calculator →
Calculate average force from an impulse and the time interval over which it acts.
You enter: Impulse · Time interval
Example: Average force =50 N.
Open Average Force from Impulse Calculator →
Calculate mechanical work from a constant force, displacement, and included angle.
You enter: Force magnitude · Displacement · Angle between force and motion
Example: Work =250 J.
Open Work from Force, Distance, and Angle Calculator →
Calculate the period and frequency of a small-angle simple pendulum.
You enter: Pendulum length · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Period ≈2.0064 s; frequency ≈0.4984 Hz.
Open Simple Pendulum Period Calculator →
Calculate inward acceleration and angular speed for circular motion from speed and radius.
You enter: Tangential speed · Radius
Example: Centripetal acceleration =80 m/s²; angular speed =4 rad/s.
Open Centripetal Acceleration Calculator →
Calculate downstream speed and volumetric flow from two cross-sectional areas and one measured speed.
You enter: Area 1 · Velocity 1 · Area 2
Example: Velocity 2 =6 m/s; flow rate =0.06 m³/s.
Open Fluid Continuity Flow Calculator →
Calculate downstream ideal-fluid pressure from pressure, speed, height, density, and gravity inputs.
You enter: Pressure 1 · Fluid density · Velocity 1 · Velocity 2 · Height 1 · Height 2 · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Pressure 2 =90825 Pa.
Open Bernoulli Pressure Change Calculator →
Estimate porous-medium flow rate from permeability, area, pressure difference, viscosity, and flow length.
You enter: Permeability · Flow area · Pressure difference · Dynamic viscosity · Flow length
Example: Flow rate =5×10⁻⁷ m³/s.
Open Darcy’s Law Flow Rate Calculator →
Rearrange the Darcy–Weisbach relation to estimate a dimensionless friction factor from measured head loss and pipe conditions.
You enter: Head loss · Pipe diameter · Pipe length · Mean velocity · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Darcy friction factor ≈0.0490.
Open Darcy Friction Factor from Head Loss Calculator →
Calculate the Froude number for a flow or moving body from speed, characteristic length, and gravity.
You enter: Characteristic speed · Characteristic length · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Froude number ≈2.258.
Open Froude Number Calculator →
Calculate electric and magnetic force components on a moving charge under a stated same-direction component convention.
You enter: Charge magnitude · Electric-field component · Particle speed · Magnetic-field magnitude · Velocity-to-field angle
Example: Electric component =0.001 N; magnetic component =0.002 N; same-direction total =0.003 N.
Open Lorentz Force Component Calculator →
Calculate the ideal magnetic force between two long parallel current-carrying wires.
You enter: Current in wire 1 · Current in wire 2 · Parallel length · Wire separation
Example: Force magnitude =0.00016 N.
Open Force Between Parallel Current-Carrying Wires Calculator →
Calculate Mach number from an object's speed and the local speed of sound.
You enter: Object or flow speed · Local speed of sound
Example: Mach number ≈0.991.
Open Mach Number Calculator →
Calculate ideal mechanical advantage from load force and applied effort force.
You enter: Load force · Effort force
Example: Mechanical advantage =4.
Open Mechanical Advantage Calculator →
Calculate mean pipe velocity from volumetric flow rate and circular pipe diameter.
You enter: Volumetric flow rate · Inside diameter
Example: Mean velocity ≈1.273 m/s.
Open Pipe Velocity from Flow Rate and Diameter Calculator →
Calculate ideal gauge pressure across a spherical liquid interface from surface tension and radius.
You enter: Surface tension · Interface radius · Interface type
Example: Gauge pressure = 740 Pa.
Open Young-Laplace Pressure Calculator →
Calculate brake mean effective pressure from engine torque, displacement, and two- or four-stroke cycle selection.
You enter: Brake torque · Total displacement · Engine cycle
Example: BMEP is about 1,257 kPa (12.57 bar).
Open Brake Mean Effective Pressure Calculator →
Evaluate displacement, wave speed, angular frequency, and wave number for a sinusoidal traveling wave.
You enter: Amplitude · Wavelength · Period · Position x · Time t · Phase offset
Example: The selected point has displacement 0, wave speed 2 m/s, angular frequency 6.283 rad/s, and wave number 3.142 rad/m.
Open Harmonic Wave Equation Calculator →
Estimate the resonance frequency of a bottle-like Helmholtz resonator from opening area, cavity volume, neck geometry, and sound speed.
You enter: Neck opening area · Cavity volume · Physical neck length · Neck radius · Speed of sound · End-correction factor
Example: Effective neck length is 0.0285 m and resonance is about 102.3 Hz.
Open Helmholtz Resonator Frequency Calculator →
Estimate a distant galaxy's recession velocity from distance and an entered Hubble constant.
You enter: Galaxy distance · Hubble constant
Example: The estimated recession velocity is 700 km/s, about 0.23% of the speed of light.
Open Hubble's Law Calculator →
Estimate volumetric flow through a sharp-edged orifice from discharge coefficient, area, pressure difference, and fluid density.
You enter: Discharge coefficient · Orifice area · Pressure difference · Fluid density
Example: Estimated flow is about 0.00277 m³/s, or 166.4 L/min.
Open Orifice Flow Rate Calculator →
Calculate ideal laminar flow through a circular tube from pressure drop, radius, length, and dynamic viscosity.
You enter: Pressure difference · Tube radius · Tube length · Dynamic viscosity
Example: The ideal flow is about 0.000245 m³/s and mean speed is about 3.13 m/s.
Open Poiseuille Flow Calculator →
Calculate ideal light pressure and force for a perfectly absorbing or perfectly reflecting surface.
You enter: Incident intensity · Surface model · Illuminated area
Example: An ideal absorber experiences about 3.34 μPa and 3.34 μN over 1 m².
Open Radiation Pressure Calculator →
Calculate available net positive suction head from pump suction pressure, fluid vapor pressure, density, and gravity.
You enter: Absolute suction pressure · Fluid vapor pressure · Fluid density · Gravitational acceleration
Example: The pressure margin is 197 kPa and the ideal head margin is about 20.1 m.
Open Net Positive Suction Head Calculator →
Estimate ideal and efficiency-adjusted push force from air pressure and piston bore diameter.
You enter: Gauge pressure · Bore diameter · Mechanical efficiency
Example: The ideal force is about 1,178 N and the efficiency-adjusted estimate is about 1,060 N.
Open Pneumatic Cylinder Force Calculator →
Calculate specific impulse and equivalent exhaust velocity from rocket thrust and propellant mass-flow rate.
You enter: Engine thrust · Propellant mass-flow rate
Example: Equivalent velocity is 400 m/s and specific impulse is about 40.8 s.
Open Rocket Specific Impulse Calculator →
Estimate a liquid's boiling temperature at a target pressure with a two-point Clausius–Clapeyron model.
You enter: Reference temperature · Reference vapor pressure · Enthalpy of vaporization · Target pressure
Example: Estimated boiling temperature ≈ 366.54 K, or 93.39 °C.
Open Boiling Point from Vapor Pressure Calculator →
Estimate standard-atmosphere pressure and water-like boiling temperature at altitude using a barometric and Clausius–Clapeyron approximation.
You enter: Altitude · Sea-level pressure · Sea-level boiling temperature · Enthalpy of vaporization
Example: Standard pressure ≈ 79,496 Pa and estimated boiling temperature ≈ 366.37 K, or 93.22 °C.
Open Boiling Point at Altitude Calculator →
Estimate vapor pressure at a target temperature from a reference pressure and enthalpy of vaporization using Clausius–Clapeyron.
You enter: Reference temperature · Reference vapor pressure · Enthalpy of vaporization · Target temperature
Example: Estimated vapor pressure ≈ 70,636 Pa.
Open Vapor Pressure from Temperature Calculator →
Estimate liquid flow from a valve flow coefficient, pressure drop, and specific gravity.
You enter: Valve flow coefficient Cv · Pressure drop · Specific gravity
Example: Estimated flow is 37.95 US gal/min, or about 143.65 L/min.
Open Valve Flow Coefficient (Cv) Calculator →
Estimate a static or kinetic friction coefficient from friction force and normal force.
You enter: Friction type · Friction force · Normal force
Example: The kinetic friction coefficient is μ = 0.30.
Open Friction Coefficient from Force Calculator →
Estimate a gas pressure after a temperature change at constant volume and fixed amount of gas.
You enter: Initial absolute pressure · Initial temperature · Final temperature
Example: Final absolute pressure is about 122.06 kPa, or 1.205 times the initial pressure.
Open Gay-Lussac Pressure–Temperature Law Calculator →
Estimate relative humidity and vapor-pressure deficit from air temperature and dew-point temperature.
You enter: Air temperature · Dew-point temperature
Example: Relative humidity is about 53.8%, with a vapor-pressure deficit near 14.6 hPa.
Open Relative Humidity from Dew Point Calculator →
Calculate ideal force on a circular piston from net pressure and piston diameter.
You enter: Net pressure · Piston diameter
Example: Ideal piston force is about 1,374.4 N, or 1.374 kN.
Open Piston Force from Pressure Calculator →
Calculate mean piston speed from engine stroke and rotational speed.
You enter: Stroke · Engine speed
Example: Mean piston speed is 8.60 m/s, or 516 m/min.
Open Mean Piston Speed Calculator →
Convert petroleum specific gravity at 60 °F into API gravity, or reverse the relation for a transparent planning check.
You enter: Specific gravity at 60 °F
Example: API gravity ≈ 34.97° API; the reverse specific gravity is 0.85.
Open API Gravity and Specific Gravity Calculator →
Estimate the circular flow area and internal diameter needed for a chosen volumetric flow and target average gas velocity.
You enter: Volumetric flow rate · Target average velocity
Example: Required area ≈ 0.008333 m² and internal diameter ≈ 0.1030 m (103.0 mm).
Open Exhaust Pipe Diameter from Flow Rate Calculator →
Estimate a transverse aerodynamic force using density, speed, reference area, and a supplied lift coefficient for a spinning or curved-flow object.
You enter: Fluid density · Relative speed · Transverse lift coefficient · Reference area
Example: Estimated transverse force = 1.1025 N.
Open Magnus-Style Lift Force Calculator →
Estimate recoil velocity and kinetic energy from an ideal isolated two-body momentum exchange.
You enter: Moving body mass · Moving body speed · Recoiling body mass
Example: Momentum = 2.8 kg·m/s; recoil speed = 0.7 m/s; recoil energy = 0.98 J.
Open Two-Body Recoil Energy Calculator →
Add two planar force vectors by magnitude and angle, returning Cartesian components, resultant magnitude, and direction.
You enter: Force 1 magnitude · Force 1 angle from +x · Force 2 magnitude · Force 2 angle from +x
Example: Resultant ≈ 12.806 N at 68.66°; components are Fx ≈ 4.660 N and Fy ≈ 11.928 N.
Open Two-Force Resultant Calculator →
Calculate the ideal-gas root-mean-square molecular speed from temperature and molar mass.
You enter: Absolute temperature · Molar mass
Example: RMS molecular speed ≈ 508.5 m/s.
Open Root-Mean-Square Molecular Speed Calculator →
Evaluate displacement, velocity, and acceleration at a time in ideal sinusoidal motion from amplitude, frequency, and phase.
You enter: Amplitude · Frequency · Time · Phase
Example: At 0.125 s: x = 0, v = −0.6283 length units/s, a = 0; maximum speed = 0.6283 length units/s.
Open Simple Harmonic Motion Position Calculator →
Estimate terminal speed when gravitational force balances quadratic drag in a fluid.
You enter: Object mass · Gravitational acceleration · Fluid density · Drag coefficient · Reference area
Example: Quadratic-drag terminal speed ≈ 26.39 m/s (95.0 km/h).
Open Quadratic-Drag Terminal Velocity Calculator →
Estimate saturation vapor pressure over liquid water or ice from temperature using a pressure-adjusted Buck formulation and show the result in common pressure units.
You enter: Surface phase · Temperature · Ambient pressure
Example: Saturation vapor pressure ≈ 31.80 mbar = 3.180 kPa.
Open Water Saturation Vapor Pressure Calculator →
Calculate gauge and absolute pressure from a manometer liquid density, column-height difference, gravity, and atmospheric pressure.
You enter: Manometer-fluid density · Liquid-level difference · Gravitational acceleration · Ambient absolute pressure · Connected-side pressure
Example: Gauge pressure ≈ 10.10 kPa; connected-side absolute pressure ≈ 111.42 kPa.
Open Manometer Pressure Difference Calculator →
Calculate the reduced mass and relative-motion kinetic energy of a two-body system from two masses and their relative speed.
You enter: Body 1 mass · Body 2 mass · Relative speed
Example: Reduced mass = 1.2 kg; relative-motion kinetic energy = 9.6 J.
Open Two-Body Reduced Mass Calculator →
Calculate aircraft wing loading from mass, gravity, and projected wing planform area, with optional customary-unit output.
You enter: Aircraft mass · Gravitational acceleration · Projected wing planform area
Example: Wing loading ≈ 735.50 N/m² = 75.00 kgf/m² = 15.36 lbf/ft².
Open Aircraft Wing Loading Calculator →
Estimate the wavelength, half-wave radiating section, quarter-wave matching section, and total 3/4-wave J-pole length from frequency.
You enter: Operating frequency · Conductor velocity factor
Example: Wavelength ≈ 2.053 m; radiating section ≈ 0.975 m; matching section ≈ 0.488 m; ideal total ≈ 1.463 m.
Open J-Pole Antenna Dimension Calculator →
Calculate spectral redshift or blueshift from rest and observed wavelengths, with a low-redshift velocity approximation and scale factor.
You enter: Rest wavelength · Observed wavelength
Example: Redshift z = 0.1; wavelength scale factor = 1.1; low-z speed approximation ≈ 29,979 km/s.
Open Redshift and Blueshift Calculator →
Calculate idealized quadratic drag force and the corresponding terminal speed for an object moving through a fluid.
You enter: Object mass · Fluid density · Drag coefficient Cᵈ · Reference area · Speed
Example: 30.49 N drag and 98.04 m/s ideal terminal speed
Open Quadratic Drag Force and Terminal Speed →
Estimate the contact normal force for a mass on an incline with an optional force directed away from or toward the surface.
You enter: Object mass · Incline angle · Force directed away from surface
Example: 169.74 N normal force
Open Normal Force on a Supported Incline →
Estimate flow rate, mean speed, and Reynolds number for a pressure-driven Newtonian fluid in a circular pipe.
You enter: Pressure drop · Inside diameter · Pipe length · Dynamic viscosity · Fluid density
Example: 2.454 × 10⁻⁶ m³/s, 0.03125 m/s, Re = 312.5
Open Laminar Pipe Flow by Hagen–Poiseuille →
Calculate initial and final momentum, impulse, average force, and kinetic-energy change from a one-dimensional velocity change.
You enter: Object mass · Initial velocity · Final velocity · Force duration
Example: pᵢ = 2.9 kg·m/s, J = 1.45 N·s, F̄ = 7.25 N
Open One-Dimensional Impulse and Momentum →
Estimate a vehicle's longitudinal center of mass from front and rear axle loads and wheelbase.
You enter: Front axle load · Rear axle load · Wheelbase
Example: Total load 15,000 N; center of mass 1.12 m behind the front axle
Open Vehicle Center of Mass from Axle Loads →
Estimate flight time, horizontal distance, and impact speed for an ideal projectile launched from an elevated ramp.
You enter: Launch speed · Ramp launch angle · Launch height above landing level · Gravitational acceleration
Example: About 1.11 s flight time, 21.44 m horizontal distance, and 19.31 m/s impact speed
Open Elevated Vehicle Jump Distance →
Estimate one-way travel time for a symmetric accelerate–cruise–decelerate journey to a stated distance.
You enter: One-way distance · Travel acceleration magnitude · Maximum speed as fraction of c
Example: About 44.07 years with a cruise phase in this idealized model
Open Ideal Constant-Acceleration Interstellar Travel →
Find the effort force, mechanical advantage, and ideal pivot reaction for a two-force lever in static balance.
You enter: Load force · Load arm from fulcrum · Effort arm from fulcrum
Example: Effort force 166.67 N, ideal mechanical advantage 3, pivot reaction 666.67 N
Open Fulcrum Lever Balance →
Find the total acceleration magnitude and g-equivalent from perpendicular x, y, and z acceleration components.
You enter: x-component of acceleration · y-component of acceleration · z-component of acceleration · Reference gravity
Example: Magnitude = 13 m/s², or about 1.325 g.
Open 3D Acceleration Magnitude →
Calculate an aircraft's ground speed and track from airspeed, heading, and meteorological wind direction and speed.
You enter: True airspeed · Aircraft heading · Wind speed · Wind direction (from)
Example: A 20 m/s wind from 270° is a 20 m/s tailwind for an eastbound aircraft, giving 120 m/s ground speed on a 90° track.
Open Aircraft Ground Speed with Wind Vector →
Estimate fall time, final speed, and terminal speed for an object dropped from rest under a constant quadratic-drag model.
You enter: Drop height · Object mass · Frontal area · Drag coefficient · Air density · Gravitational acceleration
Example: About 4.956 s fall time, 34.19 m/s final speed, and 41.42 m/s terminal speed.
Open Free Fall with Quadratic Air Resistance →
Calculate the root-mean-square speed of ideal-gas molecules from temperature and molar mass.
You enter: Absolute temperature · Molar mass
Example: Air-like molar mass at 300 K gives an RMS speed of about 508.23 m/s.
Open Root-Mean-Square Molecular Speed →
Calculate a sound wave's wavelength and period from its propagation speed and frequency.
You enter: Sound speed · Frequency
Example: Wavelength ≈ 0.7795 m and period ≈ 2.273 ms.
Open Sound Wavelength from Speed and Frequency →
Calculate surface tension from a measured force acting along a liquid-surface length.
You enter: Force · Surface length
Example: Surface tension = 0.072 N/m = 72 mN/m.
Open Surface Tension from Force and Length →
Calculate non-ideal gas pressure from amount, temperature, volume, and van der Waals constants.
You enter: Amount of gas · Absolute temperature · Container volume · van der Waals constant a · van der Waals constant b
Example: Real-gas pressure is about 103.86 kPa, compared with about 103.93 kPa for the ideal-gas reference.
Open van der Waals Gas Pressure →
Calculate spatial wavenumber, cycles per metre, and frequency from wavelength and propagation speed.
You enter: Wavelength · Wave speed
Example: A 500 nm wave has k ≈ 12,566,370.61 rad/m, 2,000,000 cycles/m, and frequency ≈ 599.585 THz.
Open Wavenumber from Wavelength →
Solve the horizontal wind triangle for a heading correction, groundspeed, and crosswind components along a chosen course.
You enter: True course · True airspeed · Wind from direction · Wind speed
Example: A southerly wind on an eastbound course gives a small north/south correction; the returned signed angle, heading, and groundspeed use the stated direction convention.
Open Wind Correction Angle →
Calculate tensile or compressive Young's modulus from force, cross-sectional area, original length, and extension.
You enter: Axial force · Cross-sectional area · Original length · Axial extension
Example: Stress = 10 MPa, strain = 0.00005, and Young's modulus = 200 GPa.
Open Young's Modulus from Stress and Strain →
Calculate gauge and absolute hydrostatic pressure below a fluid surface from depth, density, surface pressure, and gravity.
You enter: Depth below surface · Fluid density · Pressure at surface · Gravitational acceleration
Example: At 10 m in fresh water, gauge pressure is 98.0665 kPa and absolute pressure is 199.3915 kPa.
Open Water Pressure at Depth →
Estimate uniform flow velocity and discharge in a rectangular open channel from geometry, slope, and Manning roughness.
You enter: Channel width · Flow depth · Friction slope · Manning roughness n
Example: The example channel has area 3 m², hydraulic radius 0.6 m, mean velocity about 0.750 m/s, and discharge about 2.25 m³/s.
Open Open-Channel Flow (Manning Equation) →
Estimate longitudinal sound speed in a solid from Young's modulus and density, then calculate travel time over a path.
You enter: Young's modulus · Material density · Travel path
Example: A steel-like material gives about 5,048 m/s and a 10 m one-way travel time of about 1.981 ms.
Open Speed of Sound in a Solid →
Estimate true airspeed from equivalent airspeed and actual air density using the density-ratio relationship.
You enter: Equivalent airspeed · Actual air density · Reference sea-level density
Example: 120 kt equivalent airspeed at 1.000 kg/m³ corresponds to about 132.82 kt true airspeed.
Open True Airspeed from Equivalent Airspeed →
Estimate liquid-water dynamic viscosity from temperature using a compact atmospheric-pressure correlation.
You enter: Water temperature
Example: At 20°C the estimated dynamic viscosity is about 1.002 mPa·s, or 1.002 cP.
Open Water Dynamic Viscosity by Temperature →
Calculate wave speed, period, and angular frequency from wavelength and ordinary frequency.
You enter: Wavelength · Frequency
Example: A 2 m wavelength at 5 Hz travels at 10 m/s, has a 0.2 s period, and angular frequency 31.416 rad/s.
Open Wave Velocity from Wavelength and Frequency →
Estimate reaction distance, braking distance, and total stopping distance from speed, reaction time, and deceleration.
You enter: Initial speed · Perception-reaction time · Braking deceleration
Example: At 50 km/h, 2.5 s reaction time, and 3.4 m/s² deceleration, the estimate is about 32.5 m total.
Open Stopping Distance Calculator →
Estimate normal force, downhill gravity, kinetic friction, and the force needed to move an object up an incline at constant speed.
You enter: Mass · Incline angle · Kinetic friction coefficient
Example: A 10 kg object on a 30° incline with μ = 0.3 needs about 74.5 N up the plane at constant speed.
Open Inclined-Plane Force Calculator →
Estimate pipe friction head loss and pressure loss from the Darcy friction factor, length, diameter, velocity, and fluid density.
You enter: Darcy friction factor · Pipe length · Inside diameter · Mean flow velocity · Fluid density · Gravitational acceleration
Example: The estimated head loss is about 4.08 m and the pressure loss is about 39.9 kPa.
Open Darcy–Weisbach Pipe Friction Loss Calculator →
Combine perpendicular velocity components to find resultant speed, horizontal direction, and elevation angle.
You enter: X-component velocity · Y-component velocity · Z-component velocity
Example: The resultant speed is 50 velocity units and the horizontal direction is about 53.13° from +X.
Open Resultant Velocity Calculator →
Calculate one-dimensional displacement, final position, final velocity, and average velocity under constant acceleration.
You enter: Initial position · Initial velocity · Constant acceleration · Elapsed time
Example: The object has a displacement of 12 m, final position 12 m, final velocity 7 m/s, and average velocity 6 m/s.
Open Kinematic Displacement Calculator →
Estimate circular-orbit period, speed, and local escape speed from central mass and orbital radius.
You enter: Central body mass · Circular orbit radius / semi-major axis
Example: A 6,771 km circular orbit around Earth has a period of about 92.6 minutes and a speed of about 7.67 km/s.
Open Circular Orbit Period and Speed Calculator →
Calculate the length observed parallel to motion when an object travels at a chosen fraction of light speed.
You enter: Proper length · Speed as a fraction of light speed
Example: A 10 m proper length moving at 0.8c is observed as 6 m long, with γ = 1.6667.
Open Relativistic Length Contraction Calculator →
Estimate rocket thrust from exhaust mass flow, exhaust velocity, nozzle area, and exit-to-ambient pressure difference.
You enter: Exhaust mass flow rate · Exhaust velocity · Nozzle exit area · Nozzle exit pressure · Ambient pressure
Example: The estimated thrust is 12,367.5 N: 12,500 N of momentum thrust plus −132.5 N of pressure thrust.
Open Rocket Engine Thrust Calculator →
Estimate apparent propeller slip from engine speed, gear ratio, propeller pitch, and measured boat speed.
You enter: Engine speed · Gear ratio (engine:propeller) · Propeller pitch · Measured boat speed
Example: The propeller turns at 1,500 rpm, the no-slip speed is about 22.22 knots, and apparent slip is about 36.97%.
Open Marine Propeller Slip Calculator →
Calculate dimensionless wall distance y⁺ from first-cell distance, friction velocity, and kinematic viscosity.
You enter: Wall-normal distance to first cell center · Friction velocity uτ · Kinematic viscosity ν
Example: The dimensionless wall distance is y⁺ = 3.3333 and the viscous length scale is 0.3 mm.
Open CFD y⁺ Wall-Distance Calculator →
Convert frequency and wave speed into wavelength, period, and wavenumber for a stated medium or signal.
You enter: Frequency · Wave speed
Example: Wavelength = 2.99792458 length units, period = 0.00000001 time units, and wavenumber = 0.3335640952 per length unit.
Open Frequency to Wavelength Calculator →
Estimate level-road rolling-resistance force, power, and work from mass, coefficient, speed, and distance.
You enter: Vehicle or load mass · Rolling-resistance coefficient · Speed · Distance
Example: Rolling force = 141.21576 N, power = 1,961.33 W at 50 km/h, and work = 1,412,157.6 J over 100 km.
Open Rolling Resistance Force and Power Calculator →
Estimate distance traveled during a stated reaction time at a stated speed.
You enter: Speed · Reaction time
Example: At 50 km/h, 750 ms corresponds to about 10.41666667 metres traveled before a response begins.
Open Reaction Time Distance Calculator →
Estimate the speed of sound in dry air from temperature using a stated near-room-temperature approximation.
You enter: Air temperature
Example: At 20 °C, the approximation gives 343.42 m/s, or 1,236.312 km/h; 1 km takes about 2.911 seconds.
Open Speed of Sound in Dry Air Calculator →
Calculate downstream Mach number and ideal pressure, temperature, and density ratios through a supersonic expansion fan.
You enter: Upstream Mach number · Convex expansion angle · Specific-heat ratio γ
Example: For M₁ = 2 and a 10° expansion at γ = 1.4, the downstream Mach number is about 2.385 and the static pressure ratio is about 0.448.
Open Prandtl-Meyer Expansion Calculator →
Estimate shear-wave speed in a material from shear modulus and density, with an optional travel-time scenario.
You enter: Shear modulus · Material density · Travel distance
Example: A 30 GPa shear modulus and 2,500 kg/m³ density give vₛ ≈ 3,464.10 m/s; 100 m takes about 0.02887 s.
Open Shear-Wave Velocity Calculator →
Estimate a linear torsional stiffness and ideal elastic energy from applied torque and angular displacement.
You enter: Applied torque · Angular displacement
Example: 20 N·m at 10° corresponds to κ ≈ 114.5916 N·m/rad and ideal elastic energy ≈ 1.7453 J.
Open Rotational Stiffness Calculator →
Calculate frequency, period, angular frequency, and a wavelength-based wave speed from a counted cycle interval.
You enter: Number of cycles · Elapsed duration · Wavelength
Example: 100 cycles in 2 seconds gives 50 Hz, a 0.02 s period, angular frequency about 314.1593 rad/s, and a 25 m/s wave speed for a 0.5 m wavelength.
Open Frequency and Period Calculator →
Calculate thrust-to-weight ratio, excess thrust, and an ideal no-drag vertical acceleration estimate from force inputs.
You enter: Thrust · Weight · Local gravitational acceleration
Example: 10,000 N of thrust against 8,000 N of weight gives T/W = 1.25, 2,000 N excess thrust, and an ideal acceleration of about 2.4517 m/s².
Open Thrust-to-Weight Ratio Calculator →
Estimate dynamic wind pressure and a drag-based force from air density, wind speed, exposed area, drag coefficient, and an optional exposure factor.
You enter: Air density · Wind speed · Exposed area · Drag coefficient · Additional exposure factor
Example: Dynamic pressure = 245 Pa; estimated drag force = 2,940 N.
Open Preliminary Wind Load Force Calculator →
Estimate the required diameter and torque capacity of a solid circular shaft from torque, allowable shear stress, and a safety factor.
You enter: Applied torque · Allowable shear stress · Safety factor · Candidate solid shaft diameter
Example: Design torque = 200 N·m; required diameter ≈ 25.69 mm; candidate stress ≈ 24.95 MPa; candidate torque capacity at the safety factor ≈ 412.9 N·m.
Open Solid Shaft Torsional Size Calculator →
Calculate the ideal exit speed of a projectile or object from its mass and kinetic energy, with momentum and unit conversions shown.
You enter: Projectile mass · Kinetic energy at exit
Example: An 8 g object with 600 J of translational kinetic energy has an ideal speed of about 387.30 m/s, or 1,394.27 km/h.
Open Muzzle Velocity from Projectile Energy Calculator →
Estimate saturation pressure, vapor pressure, humidity ratio, dew point, specific volume, and moist-air enthalpy from dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and air pressure.
You enter: Dry-bulb temperature · Relative humidity · Total air pressure
Example: The estimated state has about 1.58 kPa vapor pressure, a humidity ratio near 0.00988 kg/kg dry air, a dew point near 13.86 °C, and a specific volume near 0.858 m³/kg dry air.
Open Psychrometric Moist-Air Properties Calculator →
Compare the ideal acceleration, final speed, and travel time of a solid cylinder, cylindrical tube, or thin shell rolling down a ramp from rest.
You enter: Rolling shape · Mass · Inner radius · Outer radius · Ramp vertical drop · Ramp length · Gravitational acceleration
Example: The ideal solid-cylinder model has I = 0.0018 kg·m², acceleration about 1.63 m/s², final speed about 3.62 m/s, and travel time about 2.21 s.
Open Rolling Cylinder Ramp Race Calculator →
Estimate quarter-mile elapsed time and trap speed from vehicle mass, engine power, and a selected empirical drag-racing correlation, with metric and imperial inputs supported.
You enter: Vehicle weight including driver · Weight unit · Peak engine power · Power unit · Empirical correlation
Example: After conversion to about 3,527 lb and 402 hp, the Fox correlation estimates roughly 12.93 s and 111.5 mph (179.5 km/h).
Open Quarter-Mile Performance Estimate →
Explore length contraction, information-travel time, tip travel, and critical speed ratios in a bounded educational bug–rivet thought experiment.
You enter: Rivet shaft length · Hole length · Rivet speed as a fraction of c
Example: β=0.5 gives γ≈1.1547, an apparent rivet length of about 0.2598 m, a signal time of about 1.733 ns, β₁≈0.4706, and β₂=0.8.
Open Relativistic Bug–Rivet Paradox Calculator →
Resolve one interaction force into components and return the equal, opposite force on the other body without confusing the pair with forces on one body.
You enter: Action-force magnitude · Action-force direction
Example: The action is (103.923, 60) N; the reaction is (−103.923, −60) N; both magnitudes are 120 N.
Open Newton’s Third-Law Force Pair Calculator →
Calculate final velocity, displacement, final position, and average velocity for one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration.
You enter: Initial velocity · Constant acceleration · Elapsed time · Initial position
Example: Final velocity is 21 m/s, displacement is 104 m, final position is 104 m, and average velocity is 13 m/s.
Open SUVAT Constant-Acceleration Calculator →
Estimate spindle speed and feed rate from cutting speed, tool diameter, flute count, chip load, and a user-entered machine RPM limit.
You enter: Target surface speed · Tool diameter · Number of flutes or teeth · Feed per tooth (chip load) · Machine maximum spindle speed
Example: Uncapped RPM is about 3,820; the applied RPM is 3,820, feed rate is about 764 mm/min, and actual surface speed remains 120 m/min.
Open CNC Machining Speeds and Feeds Calculator →
Calculate elastic torque, total torque with an entered preload, angular deflection, and stored spring energy for an ideal torsional spring.
You enter: Torsional spring rate · Angular deflection · Entered preload torque
Example: At 45°, elastic torque is about 1.5708 N·m, total modeled torque is about 2.5708 N·m, and stored elastic energy is about 0.61685 J.
Open Torsional Spring Torque and Energy Calculator →
Estimate saturation vapor pressure, actual vapor pressure, and vapor pressure deficit from air temperature and relative humidity using a transparent FAO-style approximation.
You enter: Air temperature · Relative humidity
Example: At 25 °C and 50% relative humidity, saturation vapor pressure is about 3.168 kPa, actual vapor pressure is about 1.584 kPa, and VPD is about 1.584 kPa.
Open Vapor Pressure Deficit Calculator →
Estimate the torsional stiffness, twist torque, and outer-fiber shear stress of a circular shaft from material rigidity and geometry.
You enter: Shear modulus · Outer diameter · Inner diameter · Shaft length · Twist angle
Example: A 20 mm solid, 1 m shaft with G = 79.3 GPa has J about 1.5708e−8 m⁴, stiffness about 1,245 N·m/rad, and torque about 21.73 N·m at 1° twist.
Open Circular Shaft Torsional Stiffness Calculator →
Estimate single-phase frictional pressure drop, Reynolds number, velocity, and head loss in a small tube from flow, fluid properties, length, diameter, and roughness.
You enter: Mass flow rate · Fluid density · Dynamic viscosity · Tube length · Inner diameter · Absolute roughness · Gravitational acceleration
Example: The scenario gives about 1.159 m/s mean velocity, Reynolds number 6,374, and a frictional pressure drop of roughly 39 kPa using the stated single-phase approximation.
Open Capillary-Tube Pressure-Drop Screening Calculator →
Estimate ideal and efficiency-adjusted mechanical advantage, output force, and work for a simple lever.
You enter: Effort force · Effort arm length · Resistance arm length · Efficiency assumption · Effort travel distance
Example: Ideal mechanical advantage = 3×, efficiency-adjusted screen = 2.7×, estimated output force = 270 N, input work = 30 J, and useful output work = 27 J.
Open Lever Mechanical Advantage Calculator →
Calculate water-vapor mixing ratio, mass fractions, and dry-air pressure from vapor and total pressure.
You enter: Water-vapor partial pressure · Total air pressure · Water-vapor to dry-air molar-mass ratio ε
Example: Dry-air pressure is 99,825 Pa and the mixing ratio is about 0.009344 kg/kg, or 9.344 g/kg.
Open Air Water-Vapor Mixing Ratio Calculator →
Compare required and rated liquid valve Cv from target flow, pressure drop, and specific gravity.
You enter: Target liquid flow · Valve pressure drop · Liquid specific gravity · Candidate rated Cv
Example: Required Cv is about 6.3246; the rated Cv predicts 63.2456 US gal/min, or about 14.365 m³/h, at the entered pressure drop.
Open Control-Valve Cv Requirement Calculator →
Convert a mass into gravitational force using an explicitly entered local gravitational acceleration.
You enter: Mass · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Weight force = 70 × 9.80665 = 686.4655 N.
Open Kilograms to Newtons (Mass to Weight) Calculator →
Calculate average axial normal stress from an applied force and loaded cross-sectional area.
You enter: Axial force · Loaded cross-sectional area
Example: Average normal stress = 10,000 ÷ 100 = 100 MPa.
Open Normal Stress Calculator →
Estimate the tension in an ideal vertical rope supporting a mass with a stated vertical acceleration.
You enter: Supported mass · Gravitational acceleration · Upward acceleration
Example: Tension = 5 × (9.80665 + 0) = 49.03325 N.
Open Vertical Rope Tension Calculator →
Calculate average shear stress from a shear force and resisting area, with Pa, kPa, and MPa outputs.
You enter: Shear force · Resisting shear area
Example: 12,000 N over 0.006 m² gives 2,000,000 Pa = 2,000 kPa = 2 MPa.
Open Average Shear Stress Calculator →
Calculate flight time, horizontal range, and impact speed for an object launched horizontally from a height.
You enter: Launch height · Horizontal launch speed · Gravitational acceleration
Example: From 20 m with a 10 m/s horizontal speed, ideal flight time is about 2.0193 s, range about 20.193 m, and impact speed about 22.185 m/s.
Open Horizontal Projectile Motion Calculator →
Calculate specific gravity from a material density and an explicit reference density, with a sample-mass comparison.
You enter: Material density · Reference density · Comparison volume
Example: A material at 850 kg/m³ against a 1,000 kg/m³ reference has specific gravity 0.85; 0.02 m³ would have masses 17 kg and 20 kg respectively.
Open Specific Gravity from Density Calculator →
Solve the classical non-relativistic kinetic-energy equation for particle speed and momentum from energy and mass.
You enter: Translational kinetic energy · Particle mass
Example: A 0.08 kg particle with 450 J of translational kinetic energy has classical speed about 106.066 m/s (381.838 km/h) and momentum about 8.485 kg·m/s.
Open Particle Speed from Kinetic Energy Calculator →
Build the local 2×2 stiffness matrix for a linear spring element and calculate nodal forces, extension, and strain energy.
You enter: Spring stiffness · Node 1 displacement · Node 2 displacement
Example: K = [[12000, −12000], [−12000, 12000]] N/m; extension = 3 mm; nodal forces are +36 N and −36 N; stored energy is 0.054 J.
Open Two-Node Spring Stiffness Matrix Calculator →
Estimate the mixed dry-bulb temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, and relative humidity for two adiabatically mixed air streams.
You enter: Stream 1 dry-air mass flow · Stream 1 dry-bulb temperature · Stream 1 relative humidity · Stream 2 dry-air mass flow · Stream 2 dry-bulb temperature · Stream 2 relative humidity · Total pressure
Example: The two streams produce a mixed state near 19.20 °C; the page also reports the resulting humidity ratio, enthalpy, and relative humidity from the stated approximation.
Open Moist-Air Mixing Calculator →
How much a mass weighs under each body's surface gravity, in newtons.
You enter: Mass · Body
Example: Weight on Mars 259.70 N (g = 3.71 m/s²).
Open Weight on Planets and the Moon →
Coulomb friction force from coefficient μ and normal force.
You enter: Coefficient of friction (μ) · Normal force
Example: Friction force 40 N.
Open Friction Force →
Pressure from an applied force over a piston area, in pascals and kilopascals.
You enter: Force · Area
Example: Pressure 10000 Pa (10 kPa).
Open Hydraulic Pressure →
Mean travel speed from distance and time, in km/h and m/s.
You enter: Distance · Time
Example: 66.667 km/h; 18.519 m/s.
Open Average Speed →
Output force from input force and two piston areas.
You enter: Input force · Input piston area · Output piston area
Example: Output force 5000 N.
Open Pascal's Hydraulic Lift →
Impulse, velocity change, and final velocity from force and time.
You enter: Constant force · Time interval · Mass · Initial velocity
Example: Impulse 100 N·s; final velocity 10 m/s.
Open Impulse and Momentum Change →
Calculate a component gas's partial pressure from total pressure and its mole fraction.
You enter: Total pressure · Component mole fraction
Example: Component partial pressure 25.33125 kPa.
Open Partial Pressure →
Calculate the inward radial force needed for an object moving at a stated speed along a circular path.
You enter: Mass · Speed · Path radius
Example: Centripetal force 40 N.
Open Centripetal Force →
Calculate the upward buoyant-force magnitude from fluid density, displaced volume, and local gravitational acceleration.
You enter: Fluid density · Displaced volume · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Buoyant force 19.6133 N.
Open Buoyant Force →
Calculate the matter-wave wavelength associated with a supplied particle momentum.
You enter: Momentum
Example: Matter-wave wavelength is 6.62607015e-10 m.
Open de Broglie Wavelength →
Estimate the oscillation frequency of an ideal simple pendulum from its length and local gravity.
You enter: Pendulum length · Gravitational acceleration
Example: Frequency is about 0.4985 Hz.
Open Simple Pendulum Frequency →
Estimate ideal rocket velocity change from specific impulse and initial and final mass.
You enter: Specific impulse · Initial mass · Final mass
Example: Ideal delta-v is about 1499.9 m/s.
Open Ideal Rocket Delta-v →
Calculate the magnitude of torque from a force, lever-arm length, and the angle between them.
You enter: Force · Lever arm · Angle between lever arm and force
Example: Torque magnitude is 50 N m.
Open Torque from Force and Lever Arm →
Calculate angular momentum magnitude for a point mass moving tangentially at a stated radius and speed.
You enter: Point mass · Radius from axis · Tangential speed
Example: Point-mass angular momentum is 4 kg m^2/s.
Open Angular Momentum of a Point Mass →
Calculate the magnitude of Newtonian gravitational force between two point masses at a stated separation.
You enter: First point mass · Second point mass · Separation
Example: Point-mass gravitational force is 8.342875e-10 N.
Open Gravitational Force Between Two Point Masses →
Calculate the classical escape velocity at the surface of an ideal spherical body from its mass and radius.
You enter: Central-body mass · Central-body radius
Example: Classical surface escape speed is about 11,186 m/s, or 11.186 km/s.
Open Escape Velocity →
Calculate the magnitude and attraction or repulsion relationship for two point charges at a stated separation.
You enter: First charge · Second charge · Separation
Example: Electrostatic force is 0.0089875517923 N and the charges attract.
Open Coulomb's Law →
Calculate the magnetic-force magnitude on a straight current-carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field.
You enter: Magnetic field · Current · Wire length in field · Angle between wire and field
Example: Ideal magnetic force magnitude is 10 N.
Open Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire →
Calculate average angular acceleration from initial angular velocity, final angular velocity, and a positive time interval.
You enter: Initial angular velocity · Final angular velocity · Time interval
Example: Average angular acceleration is 2 rad/s^2.
Open Angular Acceleration →
Express a supplied acceleration magnitude as a multiple of standard gravity without calculating force in newtons.
You enter: Acceleration magnitude
Example: The acceleration is 2 g, as a standard-gravity ratio.
Open G-Force from Acceleration →
Calculate the Newtonian relative speed for two positive masses in a circular orbit at a stated center-to-center separation.
You enter: Primary body mass · Secondary body mass · Center-to-center separation
Example: The relative circular orbital speed is about 29,784.69 m/s, or 29.78469 km/s.
Open Circular Two-Body Orbital Velocity →
Calculate a volatile solvent mole fraction, ideal solution vapor pressure, and pressure lowering.
You enter: Solvent amount · Solute amount · Pure-solvent vapor pressure
Example: Solvent mole fraction is 0.666667; solution vapor pressure is 15.8667 kPa; pressure lowering is 7.93333 kPa.
Open Raoult's Law →
Combine two signed collinear subluminal velocities using the special-relativistic velocity-addition formula.
You enter: Frame speed as a fraction of c · Object speed as a fraction of c
Example: Combining 0.5c and 0.75c gives about 0.9090909c, or 272538598.18 m/s.
Open Relativistic Velocity Addition →
Calculate the ideal restoring force and its magnitude from a linear spring constant and signed displacement.
You enter: Spring constant · Signed displacement from equilibrium
Example: A 150 N/m spring at +0.05 m has a restoring force of -7.5 N and a magnitude of 7.5 N.
Open Hooke's Law Spring Force →
Calculate a medium's refractive index and light-speed fraction from its supplied light speed.
You enter: Light speed in the medium
Example: A light speed of 156000000 m/s corresponds to n = 1.921746526 and a speed fraction of about 0.52035c.
Open Index of Refraction from Light Speed →
Calculate the observed frequency and shift for a stationary observer and a one-dimensional moving source in a still medium.
You enter: Source frequency · Wave speed in the medium · Signed source speed toward observer
Example: A 150 Hz source approaching at 34 m/s in a 340 m/s medium is observed at about 166.666667 Hz, a shift of about 16.666667 Hz.
Open Doppler Effect Moving Source →
Calculate the minimum momentum uncertainty associated with a positive position uncertainty using the one-dimensional Heisenberg bound.
You enter: Position uncertainty (delta x)
Example: For Delta x = 1e-10 m, the minimum momentum uncertainty is 5.272859085e-25 kg m/s and the minimum product is 5.272859085e-35 J s.
Open Heisenberg Position-Momentum Uncertainty →
Calculate the National Weather Service wind-chill index for Fahrenheit air temperatures and wind speeds.
You enter: Air temperature · Wind speed
Example: The NWS index reports an apparent temperature below the measured air temperature.
Open Wind Chill Calculator →
Convert torque and rotational speed into watts, kilowatts, and mechanical horsepower.
You enter: Torque · Rotational speed
Example: 200 N m at 3,000 RPM produces about 62.8 kW or 84.2 mechanical hp.
Open Torque and Horsepower Calculator →
