Business Calculators

Whole-Unit Break-Even Point

Calculate the whole units needed to cover fixed costs and the matching revenue, alongside the theoretical fractional-unit threshold and contribution per unit.

You enter: Fixed costs for the period · Variable cost per unit · Selling price per unit

Example: Break-even: 1500 whole units; matching revenue: 27000.00; contribution per unit: 8.00.

Open Whole-Unit Break-Even Point →

Target Margin or Markup Pricing

Set a selling price using either a profit-margin target or a markup-on-cost target, and see both percentages so their different denominators are never confused.

You enter: Cost per unit · Target definition · Target percentage

Example: Selling price: 20.00; profit per unit: 8.00; profit margin: 40.00%; markup: 66.67%.

Open Target Margin or Markup Pricing →

Single or Sequential Discounts

Calculate the sale price, total savings, and effective percentage reduction for one discount or two discounts applied sequentially rather than added together.

You enter: Original price · First discount · Additional sequential discount

Example: Discounted price: 144.00; total savings: 56.00; effective discount: 28.00%.

Open Single or Sequential Discounts →

Profit Margin and Markup Analysis

Measure profit or loss from matched revenue and costs, showing margin on revenue separately from markup on cost, including loss-making and zero-cost cases.

You enter: Revenue for the period or item · Matching cost

Example: Profit margin: 30.00%; profit: 300.00; markup on cost: 42.86%.

Open Profit Margin and Markup Analysis →

Target-Profit Sales Units

Units to sell to cover fixed costs plus a profit target.

You enter: Fixed costs · Target profit · Price per unit · Variable cost per unit

Example: 2000 units; revenue 36000.00.

Open Target-Profit Sales Units →

Price Elasticity of Demand (Midpoint)

Demand responsiveness free of start-point bias, with elastic/inelastic verdict.

You enter: Original price · New price · Original quantity · New quantity

Example: Elasticity -1.22 (|E| = 1.22, elastic).

Open Price Elasticity of Demand (Midpoint) →

Margin of Safety

How far sales can fall before losses, in currency and percent.

You enter: Actual or budgeted sales · Break-even sales

Example: Buffer 20000.00; 40%.

Open Margin of Safety →

Break-Even Units Calculator

Find the unit sales and revenue needed to cover fixed costs when price and variable cost are known.

You enter: Fixed costs · Price per unit · Variable cost per unit

Example: Contribution margin = 20; break-even = 500 units; break-even revenue = 25,000 currency units.

Open Break-Even Units Calculator →

3D Printer Buy-or-Outsource Calculator

Compare a fixed printer purchase plus in-house unit cost with a per-unit outsourcing price and find a simple break-even quantity.

You enter: Printer purchase cost · One-time setup cost · In-house cost per unit · Outsourced cost per unit · Planned quantity

Example: In-house total = 1,800; outsource total = 2,500; savings = 700; break-even ≈ 66.667 units.

Open 3D Printer Buy-or-Outsource Calculator →

Marginal Cost Calculator

Calculate the average marginal cost over an output interval from two total-cost observations and two production quantities.

You enter: Total cost before · Total cost after · Output before · Output after

Example: Cost increases by 3,000 over 100 additional units, so interval marginal cost is 30 currency units per unit.

Open Marginal Cost Calculator →

Marginal Revenue Calculator

Calculate the average marginal revenue over a quantity interval from two total-revenue observations.

You enter: Total revenue before · Total revenue after · Quantity before · Quantity after

Example: Revenue increases by 4,500 over 100 additional units, so interval marginal revenue is 45 currency units per unit.

Open Marginal Revenue Calculator →

Contribution Margin

Contribution margin dollars and ratio from sales and variable costs.

You enter: Sales · Variable costs

Example: CM 40000.00; ratio 40.00%.

Open Contribution Margin →

Cost of Goods Sold Build

COGS from beginning inventory, purchases, and ending inventory.

You enter: Beginning inventory · Purchases · Ending inventory

Example: COGS 145000.00.

Open Cost of Goods Sold Build →

Two-Stage Markup Chain

Wholesale then retail price from cost plus two margins on selling price.

You enter: Unit cost · Wholesale margin (%) · Retail margin (%)

Example: Wholesale 12.50; retail 25.00.

Open Two-Stage Markup Chain →

Direct Cost Variances

Splits a cost gap into price and efficiency variances with U/F verdicts.

You enter: Actual price · Standard price · Actual quantity · Standard quantity

Example: Price 1000 U; efficiency 500 U.

Open Direct Cost Variances →

Total Revenue Test

Compares total revenue before and after a price change.

You enter: Price before · Quantity before · Price after · Quantity after

Example: TR 1000 → 960; change −40 (−4%).

Open Total Revenue Test →

CPI Inflation Rate

Computes inflation between two CPI readings.

You enter: Past CPI · Current CPI

Example: Inflation 3.5714%.

Open CPI Inflation Rate →

Price Ceiling Shortage Sketch

Checks whether an entered price ceiling binds and reports the quantity gap at the supplied demand and supply values.

You enter: Equilibrium price · Price ceiling · Quantity demanded at ceiling · Quantity supplied at ceiling

Example: Binding ceiling; shortage of 40 units.

Open Price Ceiling Shortage Sketch →

Degree of Operating Leverage Calculator

Calculate the static-period degree of operating leverage from contribution margin and operating income.

You enter: Contribution margin · Operating income

Example: Degree of operating leverage is 4.0000 times.

Open Degree of Operating Leverage Calculator →

Entered-Rate Tax Addition or Removal

Add a user-entered percentage tax to a base amount or recover the pre-tax amount from an inclusive total, without assuming a location, current rate, or legal tax treatment.

You enter: Amount · User-entered tax rate · Calculation mode

Example: Total including tax: 107.50; tax amount: 7.50; amount before tax: 100.00.

Open Entered-Rate Tax Addition or Removal →

Sales Commission Paycheck

Take-home from base salary plus commission on sales.

You enter: Base pay · Sales closed · Commission rate

Example: Paycheck 5500.00; commission 3500.00.

Open Sales Commission Paycheck →

Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)

Average fully-loaded spend required to win one new customer.

You enter: Acquisition spend · New customers

Example: CAC 40.00 per customer (spend 12000.00 / 300 customers).

Open Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC) →

Sales Funnel Conversion Rates

Signup, visitor-to-buyer, and signup-to-buyer rates from three funnel stages.

You enter: Visitors · Signups · Buyers

Example: Signup rate 20.00%; visitor-to-buyer 4.00%; signup-to-buyer 20.00%.

Open Sales Funnel Conversion Rates →

Consumer Surplus Triangle

Consumer surplus as the triangle under linear demand.

You enter: Max willingness to pay · Market price · Quantity traded

Example: Consumer surplus 400.00.

Open Consumer Surplus Triangle →

Simple Customer Lifetime Value

Lifetime margin from yearly margin times relationship length.

You enter: Annual margin per customer · Relationship length (years)

Example: CLV 4800.00.

Open Simple Customer Lifetime Value →

Market Share

Firm's percentage of total market sales.

You enter: Firm sales · Total market sales

Example: Market share 4.00%.

Open Market Share →

Sales Quota Tracker

Attainment percent and remaining amount to quota.

You enter: Sales to date · Quota

Example: 75% attainment; 25000 remaining.

Open Sales Quota Tracker →

A/B Two-Proportion Z-Test

Tests whether two conversion rates differ at 5% significance.

You enter: Successes A · Trials A · Successes B · Trials B

Example: z ≈ −1.963; significant at 5%.

Open A/B Two-Proportion Z-Test →

Customer Lifetime Value with Retention

Estimates undiscounted customer lifetime value from order value, purchase frequency, gross margin, and annual churn.

You enter: Average order value · Purchases per year · Gross margin (%) · Annual churn (%)

Example: Annual margin 192.00; expected lifetime 4.00 years; CLV 768.00.

Open Customer Lifetime Value with Retention →

Cash Conversion Cycle Calculator

Calculate the cash conversion cycle from inventory, receivables, and payables day assumptions.

You enter: Days inventory outstanding · Days sales outstanding · Days payables outstanding

Example: Operating cycle is 75 days and cash conversion cycle is 50 days.

Open Cash Conversion Cycle Calculator →

Freelance Hourly Rate from Salary

Billable rate covering salary, costs, and non-billable time.

You enter: Target annual salary · Annual business costs · Billable hours per year

Example: 100.00 per billable hour.

Open Freelance Hourly Rate from Salary →

Unemployment Rate

Share of the labor force without work from two headcounts.

You enter: Unemployed persons · Labor force

Example: 5% unemployment.

Open Unemployment Rate →

Billable Hours and Revenue Calculator

Estimate billable hours and gross revenue from available work hours, a billable utilization rate, and an hourly rate.

You enter: Available work hours · Billable utilization · Billing rate

Example: Billable hours = 112; gross revenue = 11,200 currency units.

Open Billable Hours and Revenue Calculator →

Required Billable Rate Calculator

Calculate the hourly billable rate needed to cover a target income and overhead across planned billable hours.

You enter: Target income · Annual overhead · Planned billable hours

Example: Required billable rate = 62.50 currency units per hour.

Open Required Billable Rate Calculator →

Employee Attrition Rate Calculator

Calculate attrition and retention percentages from departures and average headcount over a selected period.

You enter: Departures · Beginning headcount · Ending headcount

Example: Attrition ≈ 11.429%; retention ≈ 88.571%.

Open Employee Attrition Rate Calculator →

CV Screening and Interview Time Calculator

Estimate recruiting workload from applicant count, review time, shortlist rate, interview rounds, and available workday hours.

You enter: Applicants · Minutes per CV/resume review · Shortlisted percentage · Interviews per shortlisted candidate · Minutes per interview · Available workday

Example: Screening takes 8 hours; 12 candidates are shortlisted; interviews add 18 hours; total workload is 26 hours, or about 3.47 available workdays.

Open CV Screening and Interview Time Calculator →

Hire an Expert vs Train a Fresher Calculator

Compare entered hiring, compensation, training, ramp-up, and planning-horizon assumptions for an experienced hire versus a new starter.

You enter: Experienced hire annual compensation · New starter annual compensation · Experienced hire one-time cost · New starter one-time cost · Training cost · New starter ramp-up period · Average productivity during ramp · Planning horizon

Example: Experienced direct cost = 150000; new-starter direct cost = 95000; new-starter productive-month equivalent = 21 months.

Open Hire an Expert vs Train a Fresher Calculator →

Overtime Pay

Weekly paycheck split into regular and overtime pay at an adjustable threshold and multiplier.

You enter: Hours worked · Hourly rate · Overtime threshold · Overtime multiplier

Example: Regular pay 800.00; overtime pay 150.00; total pay 950.00.

Open Overtime Pay →

Total-Period Return on Investment

Measure an investment's total-period gain or loss relative to its full cost, with proceeds explicitly including recovered principal and no unsupported payback-year estimate.

You enter: Total investment cost · Total proceeds including recovered principal

Example: ROI: 44.44%; net gain: 8000.00.

Open Total-Period Return on Investment →

Liquidity Ratios (Current and Quick)

Short-term financial health from current assets and liabilities.

You enter: Current assets · Inventory included above · Current liabilities

Example: Current 2.00; quick 1.33.

Open Liquidity Ratios (Current and Quick) →

Inventory Turnover and Days

How fast stock sells through, plus days of inventory on hand.

You enter: Cost of goods sold (year) · Average inventory

Example: 4.00 turns; 91.25 days on hand.

Open Inventory Turnover and Days →

Money Multiplier

Maximum deposit expansion from a reserve ratio.

You enter: Reserve ratio

Example: Multiplier 10x.

Open Money Multiplier →

Receivables Turnover and DSO

Collection turns per year and days sales outstanding from credit sales.

You enter: Net credit sales · Average receivables

Example: Turns 8.00; DSO 45.625 days.

Open Receivables Turnover and DSO →

Debt-to-Equity Ratio

Creditor versus owner financing per unit of equity.

You enter: Total debt · Total equity

Example: D/E 0.6667.

Open Debt-to-Equity Ratio →

DuPont ROE

Return on equity from margin, asset turnover, and leverage.

You enter: Net margin (%) · Asset turnover · Equity multiplier

Example: ROE 30.00%.

Open DuPont ROE →

Per-Capita Value

Average per-person share of any aggregate total.

You enter: Aggregate value · Population

Example: Per-capita 63636.36.

Open Per-Capita Value →

Cash Ratio Calculator

Calculate the cash ratio from cash, cash equivalents, and current liabilities.

You enter: Cash · Cash equivalents · Current liabilities

Example: Cash ratio is 0.7000 times.

Open Cash Ratio Calculator →

Equity Multiplier Calculator

Calculate the equity multiplier by dividing total assets by total equity.

You enter: Total assets · Total equity

Example: Equity multiplier is 1.6667 times.

Open Equity Multiplier Calculator →

Times Interest Earned Calculator

Calculate times interest earned by dividing EBIT by interest expense for one period.

You enter: EBIT · Interest expense

Example: Times interest earned is 6.0000 times.

Open Times Interest Earned Calculator →

Double-Declining Depreciation

Accelerated depreciation schedule floored at salvage value.

You enter: Asset cost · Salvage value · Useful life

Example: Rate 40%; year-1 expense 20000.00, book 30000.00.

Open Double-Declining Depreciation →

Absence Percentage Calculator

Calculate absent days, attended days, and absence percentage from scheduled and missed days.

You enter: Scheduled days · Absent days

Example: Absence = 3.636%; attendance = 96.364%.

Open Absence Percentage Calculator →

PERT Three-Point Schedule Estimate

Combine optimistic, most-likely, and pessimistic task durations into a weighted expected time, spread, and variance for early project planning.

You enter: Optimistic duration · Most-likely duration · Pessimistic duration

Example: Expected duration ≈ 4.667 days, standard deviation ≈ 1.333 days, variance ≈ 1.778 days².

Open PERT Three-Point Schedule Estimate →

Project Buffer

Contingency hours and padded total from a base estimate.

You enter: Base estimate · Buffer (%)

Example: Buffer 8.00 hours; total 48.00 hours.

Open Project Buffer →

Volumetric Shipping Weight

Billable dimensional weight from package size and carrier divisor.

You enter: Length · Width · Height · Dimensional divisor

Example: Volumetric weight 25.899 lb.

Open Volumetric Shipping Weight →

Net Cash Burn and Runway

Estimate how long available cash lasts after accounting for monthly cash receipts and expenses, and distinguish positive burn from cash flows that do not deplete the balance.

You enter: Available unrestricted cash · Monthly cash expenses · Monthly cash receipts

Example: Cash runway: 4.80 months; net monthly cash burn: 25000.00.

Open Net Cash Burn and Runway →

Straight-Line Depreciation

Spread an asset's depreciable cost evenly over its useful life.

You enter: Asset cost · Salvage value · Useful life

Example: Annual expense: 9000.00; monthly: 750.00.

Open Straight-Line Depreciation →

Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)

Optimal order size balancing ordering and holding costs.

You enter: Annual demand · Cost per order · Holding cost per unit/year

Example: Order 707.11 units; 14.14 orders/year.

Open Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) →

Inventory Reorder Point

Stock level triggering a new order from daily use and lead time.

You enter: Average daily usage · Lead time

Example: Reorder at 350 units.

Open Inventory Reorder Point →

GDP by Expenditure

Gross domestic product from consumption, investment, government, and net exports.

You enter: Consumption (C) · Investment (I) · Government (G) · Exports (X) · Imports (M)

Example: GDP 16; net exports -1.

Open GDP by Expenditure →

Average Fixed Cost Calculator

Calculate fixed cost per unit from total fixed costs and output quantity.

You enter: Total fixed costs · Output units

Example: Average fixed cost = 20 currency units per output unit.

Open Average Fixed Cost Calculator →

Defects per Million Opportunities Calculator

Calculate defects per million opportunities from defects, units, and opportunities per unit.

You enter: Defects observed · Units inspected · Opportunities per unit

Example: DPMO = 2,400.

Open Defects per Million Opportunities Calculator →

Average Daily Room Rate Calculator

Calculate hospitality average daily rate and occupancy from room revenue, rooms sold, and available room-nights.

You enter: Room revenue · Rooms sold · Available room-nights

Example: ADR = 150; occupancy = 80%.

Open Average Daily Room Rate Calculator →

Website Bounce Rate Calculator

Calculate bounce and engaged-session percentages from single-page sessions and total sessions.

You enter: Single-page sessions · Total sessions

Example: Bounce rate = 80%; non-bounce rate = 20%.

Open Website Bounce Rate Calculator →

Takt Time

Calculate the production pace required to meet demand from effective available time and demand per period.

You enter: Minutes per shift · Planned breaks and meetings · Shifts in demand period · Customer demand in period

Example: Five 450-minute effective shifts for 1,200 units produce a takt time of 1.875 minutes, or 112.5 seconds per unit.

Open Takt Time →

Production Cycle Time Calculator

Estimate total elapsed production time, average minutes per unit, and hourly throughput from batch, run-time, changeover, transfer, and parallel-station assumptions.

You enter: Setup time per batch · Run time per unit · Units per batch · Number of batches · Changeovers · Time per changeover · Balanced parallel stations · Other transfer or handoff time

Example: 200 units take 295 planning minutes; average cycle time is 1.475 minutes per unit and throughput is about 40.68 units per hour.

Open Production Cycle Time Calculator →

Predetermined Overhead Rate

Overhead rate from estimated cost and base.

You enter: Estimated overhead · Allocation base amount

Example: Rate 20 per base unit.

Open Predetermined Overhead Rate →

Real Value from GDP Deflator

Deflates a nominal amount into base-year dollars.

You enter: Nominal value · Price deflator

Example: Real value 20000.

Open Real Value from GDP Deflator →

Checkout Total with Tip

Adds discount, tax, and tip in the right order for a final bill.

You enter: Bill · Discount % · Tip % · Tip base · Tax %

Example: Discounted 90; tip 16.2; tax 7.2; total 113.4.

Open Checkout Total with Tip →

Accounting Equation Check

Check whether entered assets, liabilities, and equity satisfy the fundamental accounting equation.

You enter: Total assets · Total liabilities · Total equity

Example: Calculated equity is 150000.00 and the equation difference is 0.00.

Open Accounting Equation Check →

Working Capital Calculator

Calculate working capital as current assets minus current liabilities for one reporting date.

You enter: Current assets · Current liabilities

Example: Working capital is 150000.00.

Open Working Capital Calculator →

Cash Reconciliation Calculator

Reconcile beginning cash with operating, investing, and financing cash flows to estimate ending cash.

You enter: Beginning cash · Operating cash flow · Investing cash flow · Financing cash flow

Example: Net change is 2000.00 and ending cash is 12000.00.

Open Cash Reconciliation Calculator →

Retained Earnings Calculator

Calculate ending retained earnings from beginning retained earnings, net income, and dividends.

You enter: Beginning retained earnings · Net income · Dividends

Example: Ending retained earnings is 59000.00.

Open Retained Earnings Calculator →