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AWG Wire Gauge Geometry and Resistance Calculator — result sheet
Convert an American Wire Gauge number into conductor diameter, cross-sectional area, and estimated resistance for a selected material and length.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: d(in)=0.005×92^((36−AWG)/39); area=πd²/4; R=ρL/A, with diameter converted to metres and representative 20 °C resistivity for the selected material.
AWG is a logarithmic diameter system: each gauge step changes diameter by a fixed ratio rather than a fixed millimetre amount. This page converts the gauge to diameter and area first, then estimates the resistance of the entered length using a transparent material resistivity. It reports geometry and resistance separately so a visitor does not confuse a nominal gauge with an installation ampacity rating.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- AWG gauge number — AWG; Use −3 for 0000, −2 for 000, −1 for 00, and 0 for 0 AWG.; minimum -3; maximum 40
- Conductor length — m; minimum 1.0E-6; maximum 1000000000
- Conductor material — 2 choices
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| AWG gauge number | 12 |
| Conductor length | 10 |
| Conductor material | copper |
12 AWG is about 2.053 mm in diameter with 3.309 mm² area; 10 m of copper is about 0.0521 Ω at the reference resistivity.
Assumptions and limits
- The gauge is an integer from 0000 AWG through 40 AWG, represented numerically as −3 through 40.
- The AWG diameter equation describes a round, solid-equivalent conductor; insulation, stranding, plating, and manufacturing tolerance are not included.
- Copper resistivity is taken as 1.724×10⁻⁸ Ω·m and aluminum as 2.82×10⁻⁸ Ω·m at approximately 20 °C.
- Resistance uses R=ρL/A for a uniform conductor and ignores temperature rise, contacts, skin effect, proximity effect, and return-path resistance.
- The page does not calculate allowable current, breaker size, voltage-drop compliance, or electrical-code approval.
- Use the result for education and preliminary comparison, then use local standards and a qualified electrician for an installation decision.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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