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Training Compute Estimator (6ND Rule) — result sheet
Estimate total FLOPs, PF-days, calendar time, and GPU-hours for a training run.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: FLOPs ≈ 6 × params × tokens. Seconds = FLOPs / (gpus × TFLOPS×1e12 × util). PF-days = FLOPs / 8.64e19.
The 6ND rule approximates transformer training compute. Dividing by achieved cluster throughput gives wall-clock time; multiplying by GPU count gives billed GPU-hours.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Parameters — billions; minimum 0.001; maximum 100000
- Training tokens — billions; minimum 0.001; maximum 100000000
- Per-GPU throughput — TFLOPS; Sustained dense throughput, not peak vendor numbers.; minimum 0.01; maximum 1000000
- GPU count — minimum 1; maximum 1000000
- Utilization (MFU) — %; minimum 0.01; maximum 100
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Parameters | 1 |
| Training tokens | 10 |
| Per-GPU throughput | 150 |
| GPU count | 8 |
| Utilization (MFU) | 40 |
0.69 PF-days; 1.45 days; about 278 GPU-hours.
Assumptions and limits
- Dense transformer training; MoE, sparsity, and recompute change the constant.
- Throughput and utilization are sustained averages you supply.
- One PF-day = 10^15 FLOPs sustained for a day.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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