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Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) — result sheet
Calculate total harmonic distortion from fundamental and harmonic RMS amplitudes, including percent and dB views.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: THD = √(A₂² + A₃² + … + Aₙ²) ÷ A₁; THD% = 100·THD; THD dB = 20 log₁₀(THD).
THD compares the RMS magnitude of harmonic components with the RMS magnitude of the fundamental. The calculator accepts four harmonic amplitudes, reports the distortion ratio and percent, and expresses the same ratio in dB for signal specifications.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Fundamental RMS amplitude — amplitude; minimum 1.0E-6; maximum 1000000000
- 2nd harmonic RMS — amplitude; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- 3rd harmonic RMS — amplitude; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- 4th harmonic RMS — amplitude; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- 5th harmonic RMS — amplitude; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Fundamental RMS amplitude | 1 |
| 2nd harmonic RMS | 0.05 |
| 3rd harmonic RMS | 0.03 |
| 4th harmonic RMS | 0.01 |
| 5th harmonic RMS | 0.005 |
The entered harmonics produce THD of about 5.94%, or −24.53 dB.
Assumptions and limits
- All amplitudes are RMS values measured with the same scale and reference bandwidth.
- Only the listed harmonics are included; noise, intermodulation, DC, and unlisted harmonics are excluded.
- The result is a measurement-style ratio, not a statement that a particular device meets an audio, power-quality, or regulatory limit.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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