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Molecular Sulfur Dioxide from pH Calculator — result sheet
Estimate molecular sulfur dioxide from free sulfur dioxide, pH, and an explicit dissociation constant for a simplified acid-equilibrium model.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: Molecular fraction = 1/[1 + 10^(pH − pKa)]; molecular SO₂ = free SO₂×molecular fraction; non-molecular remainder = free SO₂−molecular SO₂.
Lower pH shifts a larger share of free sulfur dioxide toward the molecular form in this simplified one-equilibrium model. The pKa is visible because temperature, alcohol, ionic strength, and the analytical convention can change the effective relationship; the page is a transparent estimate, not a replacement for a validated winery method or laboratory result.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- pH — pH; minimum 0; maximum 14
- Free sulfur dioxide — mg/L; minimum 0; maximum 1000000
- Effective pKa used by the model — pKa; minimum 0; maximum 14
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| pH | 3.2 |
| Free sulfur dioxide | 30 |
| Effective pKa used by the model | 1.81 |
Molecular fraction ≈3.91%; molecular SO₂ ≈1.17 mg/L; the modeled remainder is ≈28.83 mg/L.
Assumptions and limits
- Free sulfur dioxide is entered in mg/L and is treated as the pool represented by the simplified equilibrium.
- The model uses a Henderson–Hasselbalch-style fraction with the entered effective pKa.
- Temperature, alcohol percentage, ionic strength, bound sulfur dioxide, and measurement uncertainty are not separately modeled.
- pH is a logarithmic measurement and should come from a suitable calibrated method.
- The result is an estimate for education and planning, not a legal, safety, microbiological, or compliance determination.
- A zero free-SO₂ input produces zero molecular SO₂ regardless of pH.
- For wine or must decisions, use the applicable local rules, product instructions, and qualified laboratory or winemaking guidance.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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