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Electromagnetic Skin Depth Calculator — result sheet
Estimate the depth at which a sinusoidal electromagnetic field falls to 1/e in a conductor from frequency, permeability, and conductivity.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: Skin depth δ = √[2/(ωμσ)], where ω = 2πf and μ = μ₀μr with μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ H/m.
Skin depth is the characteristic penetration distance for a time-varying field in a good conductor. Higher frequency, permeability, or conductivity generally reduces the depth.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Frequency — MHz; minimum 1.0E-6; maximum 1000000000
- Relative permeability μr — minimum 1.0E-6; maximum 1000000
- Conductivity — S/m; minimum 1.0E-6; maximum 1000000000000
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 1 |
| Relative permeability μr | 1 |
| Conductivity | 58000000 |
Copper-like skin depth at 1 MHz ≈ 0.0661 mm.
Assumptions and limits
- The conductor is homogeneous, linear, and sufficiently conductive for the good-conductor approximation.
- Frequency is converted from MHz to Hz and relative permeability is dimensionless.
- Surface roughness, proximity effect, dispersion, anisotropy, and finite-thickness boundaries are not modeled.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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