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Newton’s Law of Cooling Calculator — result sheet
Estimate an object's temperature after a time interval using a first-order Newton cooling model.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: Temperature=ambient+(initial−ambient)×e^(−cooling constant×time).
The simple exponential model makes the temperature difference shrink at a rate proportional to its current difference from ambient.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Initial object temperature — °C; minimum -1000000; maximum 1000000
- Ambient temperature — °C; minimum -1000000; maximum 1000000
- Cooling constant — 1/time; minimum 0; maximum 1000000
- Elapsed time — time; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Initial object temperature | 90 |
| Ambient temperature | 20 |
| Cooling constant | 0.1 |
| Elapsed time | 5 |
Object temperature ≈62.46 °C.
Assumptions and limits
- The ambient temperature and cooling constant remain constant over the interval.
- The time unit matches the inverse-time unit of the cooling constant.
- Radiation, phase change, changing airflow, internal gradients, and contact effects are not modeled.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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