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Carnot Efficiency Limit — result sheet
Calculate the ideal reversible Carnot efficiency limit from hot- and cold-reservoir temperatures in kelvins.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: Carnot efficiency eta = 1 - Tc/Th for a reversible engine between absolute hot temperature Th and cold temperature Tc; the displayed percentage is 100 eta.
This calculator evaluates the ideal reversible Carnot limit from two absolute temperatures. It returns the ideal efficiency percentage and rejected-heat fraction while leaving real heat transfer, friction, irreversibility, and engine design outside the model.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Hot-reservoir temperature — K; Absolute hot-reservoir temperature in kelvins.; minimum 0.01; maximum 1000000
- Cold-reservoir temperature — K; Absolute cold-reservoir temperature in kelvins, below the hot reservoir.; minimum 0.01; maximum 1000000
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Hot-reservoir temperature | 600 |
| Cold-reservoir temperature | 300 |
The reversible Carnot limit between 600 K and 300 K is 50%, with a 50% rejected-heat fraction.
Assumptions and limits
- Both temperatures are finite positive absolute temperatures in kelvins.
- The hot-reservoir temperature is strictly greater than the cold-reservoir temperature.
- The relation describes a reversible heat-engine limit, not the measured efficiency of a real device.
- Heat-transfer rate, working fluid, pressure, friction, material limits, and operating safety are outside the calculation.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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