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Rental Property Cash-Flow and Yield Calculator — result sheet
Estimate effective rental income, operating cash flow, net operating income, cap rate, cash-on-cash return, and debt-service coverage from entered property assumptions.
Inputs used
Results
Visual chart
Breakdown
Calculation steps
Returned data table
Formula and methodology
Formula: Effective gross income = monthly rent × 12 × (1 − vacancy / 100); NOI = effective gross income − operating expenses − capital reserve; cash flow after debt = NOI − annual debt service; cap rate = NOI / purchase price × 100; cash-on-cash return = cash flow after debt / cash invested × 100; DSCR = NOI / annual debt service when debt service is positive.
This first-pass rental scenario separates property operations from financing. It shows how vacancy, operating costs, reserves, and debt service change the result without assuming a country’s tax, depreciation, financing, rent-control, or landlord law.
This result follows the calculator's declared inputs, precision, validation boundaries, and model limits.
Input contract
- Property purchase price or value — currency units; minimum 0.01; maximum 1000000000000
- Scheduled monthly rent — currency units/month; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- Vacancy and collection allowance — %; minimum 0; maximum 100
- Annual operating expenses — currency units/year; Taxes, insurance, maintenance, management, utilities, and similar operating items as you define them.; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- Annual capital reserve — currency units/year; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- Annual debt service — currency units/year; minimum 0; maximum 1000000000
- Cash invested — currency units; Down payment and other cash you want included in the return denominator.; minimum 0.01; maximum 1000000000000
Worked example
| Input | Value |
|---|---|
| Property purchase price or value | 300000 |
| Scheduled monthly rent | 2400 |
| Vacancy and collection allowance | 5 |
| Annual operating expenses | 9000 |
| Annual capital reserve | 2400 |
| Annual debt service | 15000 |
| Cash invested | 80000 |
Effective gross income is 27,360; NOI is 15,960; cash flow after debt is 960; cap rate is 5.32%; cash-on-cash return is 1.20%; DSCR is 1.06.
Assumptions and limits
- Monthly rent is a scheduled amount before vacancy and collection loss.
- Vacancy percentage is an entered planning allowance and is not a market forecast.
- Operating expenses are defined by the visitor and should be kept consistent across properties.
- Capital reserve is shown as a cash-planning deduction even though accounting and tax treatment can differ.
- Annual debt service is principal and interest or another entered financing cost for comparison.
- Cap rate uses purchase price or entered value as the denominator and excludes financing.
- Cash-on-cash return uses the visitor’s cash-invested denominator.
- DSCR is not a lender approval decision and may use a different income and expense definition in practice.
- Taxes, depreciation, appreciation, sale costs, legal compliance, and personal use are outside the model.
Calculator note
Source and methodology
Use the official WorldCalculate methodology policy for the source, formula, precision, and boundary standards behind this calculator.
Planning estimate, not financial, medical, legal, or professional advice. © WorldCalculate — reuse with attribution. Built and curated by Hassan ALRowaie.
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